Virtue Ethics Essay Example for Free

Temperance Ethics Essay Righteousness morals is an ethical way of thinking that includes profound quality, characterized by values which are recognized and arranged by a scope of character attributes. Aristotle is the establishing father of most goodness morals speculations, while a few adaptations have joined Plato, Kant and Hume their commitments to the hypothesis of excellence morals is less stressed (Athanassouulis, 2006). Goodness hypothesis is frequently thought of as a unique hypothesis of how to lead business exercises (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2008, p. 157). Ideals are procured character attributes that assist individuals with fitting into society. Getting righteous characteristics is important to make progress. As indicated by Grenz Smith (2003): Virtue morals is characterized as an, inward air to perform ethically right demonstrations of a specific kind; the inclination to act properly by propensity in a specific way; a character characteristic that is esteemed ethically admirable. The ideals have additionally been comprehended to be those characteristics of character that make an individual ethically effective. Ethicists in both the Greek and Christian good conventions have tried to figure out what qualities are temperances. Late years have seen a recharged enthusiasm for ideals, particularly with the renaissance in excellence morals or the ethic of being (p. 125). Different meanings of temperance morals have been depicted as positive attributes which advance wellbeing, agreement, and equalization (Engel, 2000). An ideals is an obtained nature of character that permits one to accomplish individual bliss. Velasquez, Shanks, Andre and Meyer (1988) outlined that an individual that has built up the ethicalness of liberality is regularly alluded to as a liberal individual since the person in question will in general be liberal in all conditions (no page). Velasquez, Shanks, Andre, and Meyer’s understanding of goodness morals strengthens Aristotle’s prior hypothesis that once virtuosity is procured it is kept up by reiteration (1988, no page). Individuals are ordinarily animals of propensity. Thusly, so as to become prudent it is important to rehash righteous acts so those demonstrations become propensities. Something contrary to ethics are indecencies, which are negative characteristics that take away from wellbeing, amicability and parity. As per Engel (2000) a â€Å"vice is a lopsided prudence which should be taken back to center† (no page). A bad habit can either be an absence of exertion or a demonstration of extravagance. Indecencies are brought about by driving forces which are not directed by ethics and commonly the individual is ignorant of their feelings (Engel, 2000, no page). Ideals and indecencies must cooperate and adjust. On a size of 1 to 10, with 10 being extraordinary, an individual who esteems the righteousness of genuineness and pledges to consistently come clean regardless of the condition or circumstance needs congruity and parity. Trustworthiness can be taken to an outrageous 10 whereby one says everything from one’s brain with no thought or utilizing affability (Engel, 2000, no page). Then again one can be an extraordinary 1 where the individual doesn't ever come clean. It is critical to comprehend that being an extraordinary 1 or 10 on any temperate scale is certainly not something to be thankful for. Aristotle is the dad of uprightness morals hypotheses; he contemplated morals from a wide perspective. He characterized temperances of character as auras to act in specific manners because of comparative circumstances (Engel, 2000, no page). In view of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, things of any assortment have a trademark work that they are appropriately used to perform (Kemerling, 1997). The useful for individuals must include the whole legitimate capacity of human life overall (Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, 350 B. C. ). Aristotle likewise offered thought to the parts of human instinct associated with acting and tolerating moral obligation. Aristotle’s reasoning of ethicalness morals underscores that acting upright is a propensity not a demonstration. â€Å"We are what we more than once do. Greatness, at that point, isn't a demonstration, however a habit† (Landauer Rowlands, 2001). For instance, people that reliably practice the excellence of being reasonable will consistently elucidate their insight into reasonableness in each part of life. Blackburn (2001) called attention to that Aristotle underscored turning out to be idealistic requires training and practice (p. 113). Moral character must be educated and imparted step by step. Aristotle’s hypothesis of goodness applies appropriately to today’s business exercises by suggesting to be righteous requires extraordinary redundancy, devotion and comprehension of ethical quality. Profound quality is a significant part of righteousness morals. Grenz Smith characterized ethical quality as, â€Å"Determining what is accepted to be correct and acceptable, at that point experienced those beliefs† (2003, p. 77). The word morals has frequently been utilized as an equivalent word for ethical quality (Frankena, 1980, p. 3). As indicated by Frankena, calculated reasoning and investigation try to explain moral ideas like righteousness to clarify the rationale of good thinking (1980, p.4). Ethical quality has been alluded to as an activity guide or standard of direct. What Makes Us Moral? Composed by Levy (2004) portrayed â€Å"morality as an arrangement of remedies that are held to be restrictively authoritative upon all sane agents† (p. 41). Frequently ethical quality is considered as a kind of character arrangement which decides how individuals should act and shape their lives (Frankena, 1980, p19). Basically profound quality has been connected interchangeably with moral judgment. Hollinger alluded to moral judgment as a conduct in which individuals have a feeling of oughtness and commitment (2002, p. 13). Moral judgment includes those choices specifically circumstances where one decision might be preferable or more awful over another. As indicated by Cothran (2006), figuring out what is good or improper originates from either the comprehension of new data or the use of data (p. 34). It is out of a feeling of commitment, and knowing right from wrong that has made individuals banter the ethical quality of an issue. Halberstam (1993) recommended that there are three fundamental disarrays about good judgment (p. 146). In the first place, ethical quality doesn't involve taste. Second, moral decisions are not social decisions. Ultimately, being good doesn't liken to acting lawfully. How individuals decide to manage issues tells the world what their identity is. How would you settle on an ethical choice? You can flip a coin. You can move dice. Typically individuals go with their gut impulses. Moral reflection is basically self completion which constrains individuals to break down their choices. Normally individuals banter about social issues, for example, premature birth, killing, and ordinary individual concerns. These issues are good decisions not a matter of taste or inclination. Americans have sanctioned laws dependent on moral concerns not matters of taste. Moral issues are routinely taken to Congress so as to institute laws concerning American residents. Halberstam (1993) expressed, â€Å"If moral perspectives were self-assertive tendencies, we wouldn’t trouble attempting to get others to see our way† (p. 147). Numerous individuals mistake moral decisions for social decisions. Halberstam (1993) explored Southeast Asians food and saw numerous Asians consider monkey cerebrums as a delicacy (p. 148). Asians every now and again eat on monkey cerebrums, which most Americans would discover terrible. Be that as it may, utilization of monkey cerebrums is not any more an ethical shock than utilization of singed chickens. The issue of whether to eat on monkey cerebrums would for the most part be viewed as a social judgment not an ethical judgment (Halberstam, 1993, p. 148). Be that as it may, on the off chance that a specific culture adored monkeys, at that point the issue could be viewed as an ethical judgment. Moral decisions, dissimilar to issues of taste are bolstered by reason (Halberstam, 2003, p. 147). Individuals are permitted to lean toward a specific food over another, equivalent to they are permitted to incline toward wearing garments made by a specific fashioner over another. A case of good judgment would be introduced if a creator utilized youngsters in sweatshops to make their garments. The purchaser would then have the weight of choosing whether it is ethically right to keep on buying the designer’s garments. The buyer’s choice would be founded on their ethical convictions. Moral convictions are internal convictions that at last guide outward activities. Ethical quality isn’t a matter of individual taste or social guidelines. It truly isn’t a matter of the law, either. Ethical quality and the law are frequently associated. Singed (1978) called attention to in Right and Wrong, â€Å"Rights are to be utilized, and there are good decisions to be made, decisions of the great and awful, better and more terrible, with respect to the satisfaction in these rights† (p. 171). For instance a few humorists make chauvinist and ethnic wisecracks. Legitimately the humorist has a privilege to free discourse, anyway those jokes might be viewed as ethically hostile. In many social orders individuals need the law to reflect ethical quality, yet there is a barely recognizable difference between the two. Lying is ethically off-base, yet except if you lie on a testimony box it’s not illicit (Halbestam, 2003, p. 151). Along these lines a great many people shelter picked not to make being a liar an illicit demonstration; just to scrutinize the ethical quality and character of individuals that lie. Cohen (2002) expressed, â€Å"Most of the world’s wretchedness can be followed back to an absence of virtue† (p. 21). The fundamental temperances that help business exchanges are: uprightness, trustworthiness, trust, reasonableness, and good authority (Ferrell, Fraedrich Ferrell, 2008, p. 157). Absence of any of the recently referenced ethics can seriously obstruct and hurt a business. As indicated by Lewis (1991) in A Question of Vales: Six Ways We Make The Personal Choices That Shape Our Lives, virtuosity has been firmly connected to feeling, â€Å"Although we don't normally connect feeling with intuition or making a decision about we really judge through our feelings all the time† (p. 10). Being straightforward and honest has been seen as the most genuinely tested and made a decision about uprightness. Honesty joins an expansive scope of moral attributes. Plante (2004) defin

Flat Cargo Berhad Essay

Air Cargo Industry is an exceptionally serious with low overall revenue industry worked by 85 administrators inside Malaysia and the Asia Pacific locale. Level Cargo Berhad (FCB) was one of them with a few auxiliaries identified with this industry. FCB was perceived as one of the greatest airship cargo organizations in Malaysia. With the thriving of e-business and protected concurrences with entrenched organizations (i.e UPS, Nationwide Expressway, Citylink, Nippon Express and so on), the blast of Flat Cargo Berhad was self-evident. Indeed, even it was normal, FCB would have likely stayed as the nation’s driving air load transporter if the outrage has not showed up. Things have begun to escape shape for FCB when the outside evaluator Kencana and Associates went over a few dubious discoveries that may recommend misrepresentation. So we as expert/counsel have noted down the issue and thought of the potential arrangements so as to deal with such dubious conditions. Issue 1 The reviewers couldn't confirm the airplanes professed to have been bought by FCB in 2005. The review group found a non-useful summary airplane scarcely worth RM231 million in the hangar. FCB professed to have buy airplanes in 2005, yet there were no documentation found to help the cases of FCB that the buying at any point occurred which suggested that misrepresentation may have occurred. As appeared on the armada data above, (Appendix B) there were two Boeing 727 and five Mcdonnell Douglas MD-11F (which later was not, at this point utilized for cargo purposes) bought by FCB in 2005 that were in â€Å"Active† status, yet when investigated by the review group, discovered Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohannaâ only a once-over non-useful airplane in the shed which proposed irregularity in the case made by FCB. Arrangement 1 The review division could take a few measures to confirm the case made by FCB with respect to the acquisition of the airplanes by: 1) Referring to the airplane producers with respect to receipts, buying archives, solicitations , contracts 2) Checking any related inner archives about the airplane exercises like timetables and exercises of airplanes for example designing office for upkeep of airplane. 3) Verify with the staffs of the organization for example pilots, engineers with respect to the airplanes professed to be bought 4) Checking on renting organizations if there were any business exercises from FCB (which would propose evident misrepresentation since FCB professed to have buy the airplanes) 5) Verify the enlistment and authorizing of the airplane at the Department of Civil Aviation Malaysia (DCAM) What's more, if this airplane was really bought as guaranteed, the administration ought to urge these answers for stay away from future disarrays 1) Update accounting consistently (exchanges on buys, deals, receipts and installments by an individual or association) Issue 2 A few debtors’ affirmation letters were returned on the grounds that the addressees had changed their postage information Because of this issue it will majorly affect money due accordingly to income. Anyway this will prompt further issue as follows 1) No accurate borrower figure accessible for reference 2) Possibility of awful obligation 3) Weak obligation adjusting capacity by organization Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohanna Arrangement 2 A few measures could be taken by examiner to tackle this issue by 1) Investigate the personality of the account holder or association from dependable sources (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM) for associations, Jabatan Perdaftaran Negara (JPN) for people) 2) Find supporting reports of obligation to preclude odds of misrepresentation The supervisory group could take these measures to maintain a strategic distance from this issue by 1) Create a productive framework for obligation adjusting 2) Create an arrangement of confirming theâ claim of indebted individuals to ensure extortion doesn't occur 3) Create a database for indebted individuals and save a refreshed portfolio on them for sometime later and reference 4) Create an office in the association that manages obligation overhauling (given that they have a great deal of account holders) Issue 3 A huge entirety of deals exchanges was found with no supporting records. A large portion of these exchanges included little clients. This issue will generally influence the income. Furthermore, it could prompt: 1) poor accounting process 2) control on the income figure (RM 550 million) 3) control of the investors enthusiasm for terms of profit pronounced 4) adjusting the end procedure for the time of 2005 physically 5) complexity on obligation assortment consequently the chance of terrible obligation in future Arrangement 3 Most definitely, the reviewer can demand the designing division to give the report on customers who are utilizing their messenger administrations and counter-check it with the Custom Department to confirm the figure. We expect each action must be accounted for to the Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohanna. DCAM. Along these lines, from the retrogressive procedure, the reviewer would have the option to check the turnover figure. Issue 4 A credit got from a Hong Kong based organization was seen as mistakenly recorded in the debtors’ account This issue will have the significant effect on liabilities. It has abused the coordinating rule. The accompanying issues can be resolved because of these errors. 1) The effect on liabilities of the FCB will be diminished while resources increment because of the mistake on twofold section process 2) The money related cost (premium cost) will diminish coming about increment ofâ profit before charge Arrangement 4 Counter-check and confirm the Loan understanding between the FCB and Hong Kong based organization. In the wake of confirming, the evaluators will address the twofold section as indicated by bookkeeping standard by MASB. Issue 5 A few anomalous exchanges including the acquisition of airplanes by FCB and balancing the debtors’ accounts were found in FCB’s books Following irregular exchange is carefully against the way toward bookkeeping framework. It abuses numerous guideline of bookkeeping framework for example standard of non-pay, standards of earnestness and standards of consistency*. Unusual exchanges could prompt multiplier blames in the fiscal report like 1) Overstated/Understated resources Utilization of money or credit was not decided appropriately Chopping down the general indebted person sum 2) Fail to decide terrible obligation 3) Fail to decide the genuine figure of account holders Arrangement 5 Moves that could be made by evaluators 1) Reconciliation of accounting identified with acquisition of irregular exchanges 2) Cross evidence every single records identified with buys and account holder 3) If conceivable guarantee account holders affirmation letter Moves that could be made by the executives 1) Not to stir up buys with account holders 2) Debtors can be balanced after accepting cash or against terrible obligation End Taking everything into account, these issues above could be dodged given that appointment and isolation of obligations were made to guarantee responsibility in accounting and minimisation to extortion. The organization could likewise enlist an inward reviewer to normally investigate the money related condition and exercises of the organization. Responsibility and counter-checking between each other is additionally urgent to limit slip-ups and misdirection. It is such a disgrace, that an organization with such incredible Mior, Asif, Stephanie, Rohannaâ potential (to be the main payload organization in Malaysia) ought to endure a destiny, for example, this because of trifling avoidable slip-ups and misrepresentation. It is best that PLCs to progress in the direction of straightforwardness inside the organization so botches/issues could be identified and understood before it turns crazy. References Prepared Ratios. Sound accounting standards (GAAP), Available:http://www.readyratios.com/reference/bookkeeping/generally_accepted_accounting_ principles_gaap.html. Last got to fourth Feb 2014

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Leave Out Extreme Descriptions

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Leave Out Extreme Descriptions This week we offer an oxymoron of sorts: extreme humility. We suppose that one candidate could be more humble than the next, but one could never refer to oneself as “extremely humble,” because doing so would undermine the very claim to humility. Our philosophy at mbaMission is that candidates should let their experiencesâ€"not just their word choicesâ€"captivate the admissions committees. Sometimes we find that instead, candidates attempt to emphasize their actions with “extreme” adjectives and adverbs, and this is an approach we strongly advise against. Example:  â€œAs others withdrew their support, I remained remarkably dedicated to our crucial fundraising efforts. I dramatically increased my participation in our strategic planning meetings and insisted that we push forward with a wildly creative guerilla marketing plan, which brought forth tremendous resultsâ€"$1M in ‘instant’ proceeds.” In these two sentences, the writer uses the descriptors  remarkably,  dramatically,  wildly  and  tremendous  to make his impression. We find that a more effective approach is to eliminate these “extreme” descriptions and let the experiences do the “talking.” Example: “As others withdrew their support, I remained dedicated to our fundraising efforts. I increased my participation in our strategic planning meetings and insisted that we push forward with a guerilla marketing plan that brought $1M in ‘instant’ proceeds.” In this second example, we do not need to be told that the results were “tremendous,” because the $1M speaks for itself; we do not need to be told that the marketing campaign was “wildly creative,” because this is implied in the nature of guerilla marketing. In addition to truly showing a level of humility on the part of the candidate, this approach is also less wordy. Although the eight words saved in the latter example may seem inconsequential, we removed them from only two sentences. If we can remove four words from each and every sentence, we would be able to significantly (but of course humbly) augment your essay with other compelling ideas. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

Indiana University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Indiana University Bloomington is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 77%. The flagship campus of Indianas state university system, successful applicants tend to have grades and standardized test scores that are well above average. The school has received numerous accolades for its academic programs and the beauty of its campus. IU has a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa for the quality of its liberal arts and sciences program, and its research strengths earned it membership in the  Association of American Universities. The 2,000-acre campus is defined by its buildings constructed from local limestone and its wide array of flowering plants and trees. The university also excels in athletics, and the Indiana Hoosiers are a member of the  Big Ten Conference. Considering applying to Indiana University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Indiana University had an acceptance rate of 77%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 77 were admitted, making Indiana Universitys admissions process somewhat competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 44,169 Percent Admitted 77% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled 24% SAT Scores and Requirements Indiana University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th percentile 75th percentile ERW 580 670 Math 570 690 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Indiana Universitys admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to IU scored between 580 and 670, while 25% scored below 580 and 25% scored above 670. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 570 and 690, while 25% scored below 570 and 25% scored above 690. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1360 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Indiana University. Requirements Indiana University does not require the SAT writing section. Note that IU participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT dates. Indiana University does not require SAT Subject tests. ACT Scores and Requirements Indiana University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 60% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th percentile 75th percentile English 24 33 Math 24 30 Composite 24 31 This admissions data tells us that most of IUs admitted students fall within the top 26% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Indiana University received a composite ACT score between 24 and 31, while 25% scored above 31 and 25% scored below 24. Requirements Indiana University does not require the ACT writing section. Note that IU participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will combine your highest score from each individual subtest across all ACT dates. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of Indiana Universitys incoming class had high school GPAs between 3.57 and 4.0. 25% had a GPA above 4.0 and 25% had a GPA below 3.57. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Indiana University have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Indiana University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Indiana University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Indiana University Bloomington, which accepts over three-quarters of applicants, has a slightly selective admissions process. If your SAT/ACT scores and GPA fall within the schools average ranges, you have a strong chance of being accepted. Keep in mind that approximately half of all admitted students come from within the state of Indiana. Throughout much of the graph, youll notice some yellow dots (waitlisted students) and red dots (rejected students) mixed in with the green and blue dots (accepted students). Some students with grades and test scores that were on target for Indiana University did not get in. On the flip side, note that some students were accepted with standardized test scores and grades that were a bit below the norm. Most admitted students had high school averages of B or higher, SAT scores of 1100 (ERWM) or higher, and ACT composite scores of 22 or better. Few students with A averages and above-average test scores were rejected. Indiana University looks at the rigor of your high school courses and the quality of your high school, not simply your GPA. Also, the admissions folks at Indiana University consider your IU-specific essay and participation in meaningful extracurricular activities, community service, and work experience. Grades and standardized test scores are the most important part of your application, but these other factors can make a difference in borderline cases. While a visit to the campus is not required, it is encouraged for all interested students. You have three options for your application to Indiana University: the IU-Online Application, the Common Application, and the Coalition Application. Regardless of the platform, youll need to write a short essay about your academic interests and career plans. This essay also provides the opportunity to explain any obstacles youve encountered when preparing for college. Unlike most other universities, the Common Application essay is optional for Indiana University applicants. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Indiana University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Dr. Seuss Biography - Creator of The Cat in the Hat

The Origin Of The Native American - 1415 Words

The number of explanations of the origin of the Native American populous is as various as the number of tribes there are throughout the land. Most tribes have their own belief on where they came from. The reason for why there are so many might be because the stories usually pertain to that specific tribe; they do not explain the reasoning behind the creation of other tribes on the other side of the continent. There are countless â€Å"versions of these creation and emergence stories,† (Calloway, 2012, p. 42) that seem to share common themes. Two common themes expressed would be, the creation of the land and animals to better the tribe’s way of life, and that humans and animals were created more equally and there is no bias amid them. While some†¦show more content†¦Old Man taught the Blackfeet tribe how to make weapons in order to hunt, what plants can be harvested, and what herbs and roots can be used as medicine. One of the most important lessons Old Man taug ht the people is how to get spirit power; by going away unaccompanied and sleeping through the night. While sleeping, a dream will come where something, usually an animal, will speak, guiding the Blackfeet tribes member. Old Man expressed to follow the lesson taught by the spirit animal and obey their words. When these first people of the Blackfeet were able to survive on their own Old Man continued his journey north once again. Along his journey, he created more people, and along with them, buffalo. He taught these new people how to hunt the buffalo and how to use the buffalo hides as shelters. After instructing this new tribe of Blackfeet, Old Man continued north, making new animals and people as he went; he did, eventually, start to head west to the mountains, however. It is expressed that Old Man can never die, and before he left the tribe to head west, he told them he would always watch over them and protect them. The Crow legend of the creation of the land and people starts with a world covered in water. The world was dark when the Old Man of the Crow People came into the world. Old man was surprised to see nothing but water. He saw two ducks swimming and asked them if there was any land or if the world was just water. The ducks told Old Man that

Business Enterprise Operational Process-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Despite even our best efforts to accurately gather and interpret information, none of us has perfect perception. Instead, a variety of factors limit our ability to gather and process information and make accurate judgements. Discuss the factors that limit and distort our Perception and Contribute to bias. What can Individuals and Organisations do to overcome this? Answer: Introduction: The possible interferences of information and its current elucidation has been evaluated in the following study. It will help the management of organization in recognizing the factors that will assist in existing discrepancy prevention that is prevailing in organization. Nonetheless, there will be development of biasness and data distortions if data are misinterpreted. Distribution process, manufacturing process and marketing are assisted by appropriate interpretation of data (Alfonso et al. 2013). However, the process of interpreting the data in an organization is hampered by factors such as perception and trends of market. The development of business entity organizational process requires interpreting the authentic market information. It is required to conduct an in depth market analysis for having unbiased interpretation of market data. This would assist the business in achieving their objectives and attainment of pre-determined goals. Hence, the factors influencing the business e ntities operational process is necessary to be recognized. The organization market demand is considerably affected by some threats and in the long run, business needs to develop appropriate strategies for overcoming such threats (Carmeli et al. 2017). The procedures of interpreting and gathering data are influenced by strategies development that involves advanced technology mechanism interpretation. Discussion: The process of decision-making is a crucial part of business enterprise management and data gathering and its interpretation forms considerable part of it. Nonetheless, the decision making process of an organization is affected by different factors. Such factors comprise of preferences and buying behavior of consumers along with external market conditions vulnerability. Furthermore, the management of business entity is impacted by factors affecting the decision making process. Therefore, for overcoming the threats arising from external market conditions and other factors, it becomes important for organization to have the factor determination. For sales and revenue forecasting, management of organization should appropriately interpret the market information (Ott et al. 2015). Identification of attributes affecting business enterprise operational process is essential. Some factors cannot be controlled by management such as external market conditions that needs to be taken into consideration while designing the strategies for data interpretation. Such factors also influence the buying behavior and preferences pattern of consumers. These factors involve buyers purchasing power and economic condition of any particular region. Therefore, organization needs to appropriately gather and interpret data by overcoming factors or threats that create any hindrances in their interpretation. The process of making decision in an organization are hindered by the following factors and they are as follows: Nature of segment of business- The process of interpreting data are significantly impacted by nature of segment in which business are operating. Biasness among employees is created if the information are distorted. Process of gathering data is easier in some industries and it is required by organization, analyze, judge, and interpret the information in a way that would help in accurately forecasting the behaviors of consumers and facilitate growth of organization. In order to remove or prevent any biasness among employees in organization, the information collected needs to be interpreted and judged with open mind (Macintosh and Krush 2014). Therefore, assisting the business for operating in their particular segments requires them to make appropriate business policies. Market trends- Properly interpreting the trend of market facilitates the organizational growth and this would assist business in responding to forecast the trend. Nonetheless, the prices of interpreting the data would be hampered by rapidly changing environment. Perception- Perception is defined by the attitude of customers toward brand and their image. Some of the perceiving factors include motives, attitudes and buyers interest. Attribution theory is regarded as perception theory that relates to self-serving bias. Absolute information interpretation can be developed by theories that would enable the business in development. The business enterprise operational policies is affected by the perception of customers about the brand value and image of organizations. There exist a direct link between the decision making process of individual and their perception. Factor affecting the business operational process needs to ascertain for proper data interpretation (Blbl 2014). It becomes of utmost important to identify the factors influencing the interpretation of data that would pose threat to achieving organizational sustainable and growth. Attributes of external environment- Factors that are beyond the control of organization is external environment conditions. The market condition in which the organization is operating and the data pertaining to market trend should be appropriately collected. Sales revenue of any organization is affected by some macro environment factors such as unemployment and inflation. For facilitating the better decision-making, it is essential for organization to overcome factors and conducting through analysis of market conditions (Sonka et al. 2014). Definite objectives and goals- The objectives and goals in an organization can be properly executed and facilitated clearly establishing the objectives and goals. Therefore, it becomes essential for organization to define their objectives and goals properly. The potential threats affecting the operations and future growth of business are impacted by overcoming of the pertinent threats faced by organizations in achieving sustainable growth and development. In order for organization to gather pertinent information from buyers, it is required to have the following steps: Communication channels- For ensuring proper communication flow from top level management to lower level management, it is essential for organization to develop and adopt to proper channel of communication. Following proper communication channel will help the management in creating balance between different departments and development of coordination in business entity. Identification of the factors ensuring proper communication channel will help in contributing towards the sustainability of business. Source- It is essential for organization make the identification of authentic information source for accurately interpreting the information. In some case, it becomes impossible for organization to identify accurate information source. The management of business entity can come with mixed opinions and interpretation about the gathered information and data of consumers. The procedures of effectively interpreting the data cannot be facilitated by gathering of enough data having mixed opinions resulting in gaining sustainability in competitive advantage. There is need to depict the proper and authentic source of information. In order to have effective buyers decision, it is essential for business to recognize the proper and authentic information source (Yoshikawa et al. 2017). Nonetheless, for gathering information related to buyers there certain obstacles faced by organization. Therefore, for dealing with various factors creating threat to business, there is a need to substantial inves tment in research and development for maintaining sustainable business operations. Factors identification- Business enterprise needs to recognize several factors that would influence their operational policies. Such factors can be listed down as availability of substitutes products, traditions and local culture. There are external influences that have impact on ever changing market environment. Some of the influential factors relates to changes in external environment and changing market conditions. It is required by organization to have proper assistance from professionals equipped with market knowledge for determination and identification of factors. This would assist the organization in achieving their organizational goals and taking decisions appropriately as per the prevailing market conditions. A trusted source is required to gather the information that would help in maintaining business sustainability. The interpretation of actual collected data is reliable on the factors leading to misleading and misappropriate information (Bratu 2015). It can be said that organization should frame decisions as per their business goals and market conditions. Data gathering and collection- The process of decision-making involves collection and gathering of data that would assist the business in achieving their objectives and their long-term goals. Business are able to take appropriate business decisions by eliminating discrepancies in collecting process of data. Company while analyzing the data that is primary and secondary collects that forms the two types. Primary source of collecting data is generated directly from the field of enquiry and the interviews gathers data either by conducting an interview with customers and market experts. Collecting data from primary source enables the business enterprise in gathering of valuable information from various sections of society. Secondary source of information also provides relevant information if data is collected from appropriate sources (Harvey et al. 2017). The decision making process of organization is significantly influenced by the type of information gathered and their source. Their in terpretation should be in a way that are aligned with the business goals and objectives. Gathering of data would positively impact the decision making process of organization (De Clercq et al. 2016). Mission, purpose and organizations vision- The process of operation of organization can be framed by considering their purpose, vision and mission. This would enable business interpret the information according to goals and organizational needs and formulating it for attainment of objectives. Interpreting the information- Two stages process is involved in information gathering. It is required by business entity to appropriately analyze the information gather from various source to interpret it correctly according to the needs and objective of business. The business entity is enabled by filtering of data to collect the proper data according to organizations need. Business would be able to achieve sustainability and growth. Smoother communication in an organization would be ensured by application of advanced technology mechanisms that would assist the business in appropriately interpreting the information that is collected from authentic source. Therefore, it can be said that interpretation of information is of crucial importance while formulating and taking business decisions. Appropriately interpreting the information gathered by relevant and authentic source is essential for adopting a proper process for decisions making in organization (Lam et al. 2016). Feedback of customers- The development of procedures of gathering data requires gathering necessary information from authentic source. As such, business entities would be assisted by the views gathered from their customers in overcoming hindrances that would have an impact on organizational operational policies. Therefore, the business would be assisted in getting suitable and appropriate information about the feedback of customers and their competitors and interpreting them by aligning to their organizational objectives. Information gathered from customers of reliable base is of vital importance and essential to organization. If the organization is not able to rightly analyze the information gathered from customer feedback, the information generated is worthless. New approaches in organization and changes can be made by doing something more than collected data that is performing the proper analysis of information gathered from feedback of customers. Organizations are required to ide ntify the root cause analysis of customer feedback that helps in driving the loyalty of customers (Rose et al. 2014). Alternative strategies- If the existing and prevailing operational policies of organization cannot overcome other factors creating hindrance in appropriately interpreting the collected data, it is essential for organization to have alternative strategies. The business strategies of organization van be recovered by implementation of technology advanced mechanisms and incorporating various alternative procedures involving innovation. For instance, organization following the trend strategy helps in the identification of trend that is driving change in industry. Organization is required to make the strategic analysis of information gathered by incorporating various elements in the strategies (Cheung 2013). Conclusion: For setting up the operational and marketing process of organization, interpretation the information have very important role. Nonetheless, various attributes restrict the interpretation of data such as business entity economic conditions. The market conditions of business can be enhanced by adoption and development of business policies that are transparent and fair. Threats faced by organization in dealing with that interpretation can be overcome by alternative resource development that would help in meeting the goals and attaining the objectives of organization by execution of business functionalities. The data can be filtered and information can be filtered as per the needs of market by adopting the technologically advanced mechanisms. An appropriate market data can be obtained by business by development of proper perception. The procedures of interpreting data in an organization can be framed by considering the primary attribute that is market trends. It has to be ensured by mana gement of organizations that prior to interpretation if information there is not any pre conceived notions or biasness. References: Alfonso, L., Zenasni, F., Hodzic, S. and Ripoll, P., 2016. Understanding the mediating role of quality of work life on the relationship between emotional intelligence and organizational citizenship behaviors.Psychological Reports,118(1), pp.107-127. Bratu, S., 2015. Are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBS) Really Positively Associated with Measures of Organizational Effectiveness?.Analysis and Metaphysics,14, p.87. Blbl, A., 2014. Social Work Design and Prosocial Organizational Behaviors.Universal Journal of Psychology,2(2), pp.47-58. Carmeli, A., Brammer, S., Gomes, E. and Tarba, S.Y., 2017. An organizational ethic of care and employee involvement in sustainability?related behaviors: A social identity perspective.Journal of Organizational Behavior. Chatfield, C., 2016.The analysis of time series: an introduction. CRC press. Cheung, M.F., 2013. The mediating role of perceived organizational support in the effects of interpersonal and informational justice on organizational citizenship behaviors.Leadership Organization Development Journal,34(6), pp.551-572. De Clercq, D., Bouckenooghe, D., Raja, U. and Matsyborska, G., 2014. Unpacking the goal congruenceorganizational deviance relationship: The roles of work engagement and emotional intelligence.Journal of Business Ethics,124(4), pp.695-711. Elo, S., Kriinen, M., Kanste, O., Plkki, T., Utriainen, K. and Kyngs, H., 2014. Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness.Sage Open,4(1), p.2158244014522633. Harvey, P., Madison, K., Martinko, M., Crook, T.R. and Crook, T.A., 2014. Attribution theory in the organizational sciences: The road traveled and the path ahead.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.128-146. Ja'afaru Bambale, A., 2014. Relationship between Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Review of Literature and Future Research Directions.Journal of Marketing Management,5(1). Lam, C.F., Wan, W.H. and Roussin, C.J., 2016. Going the extra mile and feeling energized: An enrichment perspective of organizational citizenship behaviors.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(3), p.379. Macintosh, G. and Krush, M., 2014. Examining the link between salesperson networking behaviors, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment: Does gender matter?.Journal of Business Research,67(12), pp.2628-2635. Mai, K.M., Ellis, A.P., Christian, J.S. and Porter, C.O., 2016. Examining the effects of turnover intentions on organizational citizenship behaviors and deviance behaviors: A psychological contract approach.Journal of Applied Psychology,101(8), p.1067. Ott, R.L. and Longnecker, M.T., 2015.An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Nelson Education. Rose, K., Miller, M.T. and Kacirek, K., 2016. ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BEHAVIORS AND INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE.AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATORS,31(1), pp.14-27. Sonka, M., Hlavac, V. and Boyle, R., 2014.Image processing, analysis, and machine vision. Cengage Learning. Woodward, M., 2013.Epidemiology: study design and data analysis. CRC press. Yoshikawa, T. and Hu, H.W., 2017. Organizational citizenship behaviors of directors: an integrated framework of director role-identity and boardroom structure.Journal of Business Ethics,143(1), pp.99-109.

Inferring Freedom And Equality Essays - Egalitarianism,

Inferring Freedom and Equality Many of Earth's organisms and processes depend on each other to survive the natural world. First of all, freedom, or "forced to be free," and equality presuppose each other in some instances, but sometimes they are interdependent. For example, if you look into the lower class, people within that class are equal among others in that class. Also, they have freedom inside the boundaries of their status quo. As the view broadens to the whole society, that certain class loses some of its freedom and equality to the aristocracy. In this example, the amount of freedom and equality you receive all depends on money and power. Wealth corrupts the balance of freedom and equality between the social classes in the nation. In all, everyone in a legitimate society has some equality and freedom, however, the how much you get relies on where you stand in the social triangle. In every valid government, every citizen has freedom of their basic rights, but the sense of equality will never be distributed equally between them. This problem is constantly going to true because of the definition of general will: an individual has to alienate some of his natural rights to join the body politic. Therefore, power is distributed to the government, and the people of the nation are not equal. One person will always have power over another. If everyone was equal, chaos would break out into the world, because when nobody governs or rules the citizens, they can do whatever they please. Freedom is preferred in the society rather than equality. A person with freedom would have most rights in the Constitution, but a person with equality would live in a chaotic society, because there is no governing house. Altogether, the presence of freedom and equality together differs with the scope of the condition. America's concepts of freedom and equality have varied over the course of its history. When the American government was new, only white male property owners had total use of the Constitution's given rights. Early America also exercised the idea of slavery, where the master and slave relationship exist. But as an intolerance against slavery grew, the masters were forced by the Union to change their illegitimate system to a more legitimate system. This newly built system resulted in all males, property owner or not, having privileges to all rights in the Bill of Rights and the American Constitution. But this method still leaves out a single group of people, women, from the concept of freedom. Also in America, the "separate but equal" issue rose to the surface of controversy over the topic of freedom. All these examples demonstrate where freedom is non-existent to all people in the nation. They also display the same idea of freedom within the private will, but that freedo! m is surrendered to the general will to support a legitimate government. In some cases in the American history, some citizens abandon more rights than others. But as the view travels closer to the present, the difference of the people's rights between each other gradually diminishes to a negligible amount. This perception of America's freedom shows an increase of knowledge towards a near-perfect republic. Today, government partially employs the use of total equality. But again, a legitimate government cannot have total equality because of the alienation of certain rights to join the body politic. American government follows the outline of a legitimate government. The checks and balances system balances the amount of power among the three governing houses. Also, the government does not employ a parallel existence of freedom and equality. But that existence is impossible in any legitimate society, according to the description of the body politic and the general will. The individual mind has matured a long way toward this form of structured government, but the basic concept of the government is the natural laws of a human being. Although, man has evolved into a being of great reason, distant from the state of nature, he must look into nature to find a correct and sanctioned regulations and theories.

Meet the Oldest Member of the Human Family

Meet the Oldest Member of the Human Family Meet the Oldest Member of the Human FamilyIn July 2002, an international team led by French paleontologist Michel Brunet announced the discovery of a humanlike skull that may be up to seven million years old, twice as old as any others found. The previously unknown ape species, named Sahelanthropus tchadensis, was found in Chad, in central Africa. The remarkably complete skull was nicknamed "Toumai," which means, "hope of life" in the Goran language. The skull's human-like face and teeth are surprising since they come from a period when researchers believed human ancestors just began evolving. It is not known whether Toumai was bipedal or not. Brunet et al. say that it would be a not unreasonable inference that it was a habitual biped because it shares characteristics with other hominids known to be bipedal. The skull is said to be that of a male because of its surprising combination of primitive and advanced features.Location of discoveryAlong with the fact that it comes from around the time when the hominids are thought to have diverged from chimpanzees, suggests it is close to the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees. According to the view of Bernard Wood of George Washington University, the chief significance of the Sahelanthropus find is not the issue of whether it's a human ancestor, but the clues it offers into the unsuspected diversity of ancient fossil hominids. That might be the most amazing thing about Toumai: that humans can peer into their own beginnings, and see themselves emerging from the long dark night of the forest.

Managing Change Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managing Change - Research Proposal Example n being that, with change a company gains new perspectives on its operations, develops new ways of managing itself which are intended to make a positive impact. Several organizations go through various types of changes, either as dictated by their markets or their own growth definitions. Examples of common changes are such as: Changes in a company’s corporate strategies, privatization of a company, merging or internalization and such. In these changes, a company will tend to focus on how it will grow and be able to get high returns in revenue. Other than revenue, focus may be on employee relations, management structuring, and market target and competitively in market space. Fitting into these changes will often be dependent on the reason for making the changes. In situations where companies are forced to make changes, there is usually difficulty in adjusting to their new environment. Difficulties in adjusting may hinder company growth and performance in achieving the goals set. However, a company’s management may actively be involved in the process, making every employee fit in to the changes occurring. The following proposal will cover a case on The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The GCC covered banks in six countries – Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. The reason for choosing the GCC as the case for this assignment is from the recent trends in the organization. In the recent years, banks in in the above named countries have started to change their mode of operation. The change has greatly been influenced by economic forces surrounding this countries. That is, taking an example of a bank in the GCC, the traditional way of operation focused on oil-driven markets and governmental organizations. Telecommunications, tourism and other government based organizations had taken over the markets in the countries mentioned above. Banks would focus on these areas, ignoring other emerging and potential economic areas. In the recent

Leadership Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leadership Case Study - Essay Example Knight’s leadership style was passionate and demanding. His approach to the game generated a superfluous list of accomplishments and controversies. Knight was more about intensity where he intensified on everything he does. He compassionated to complete and win any game. Mike Krzyzewski was a coach at Duke University. Mike had a good leadership since the students did not believe when had a contract of leaving Duke to be a coach in Los Angeles Lakers. It was a great negative impact to the Duke’s basketball program and at his presence it ranged as most successful sport dynasty (Brill, 2012). Coach K applied one rule that any player should not do anything that can cause detrimental because it can also affect the Duke’s basketball program. He usually stated that it was not his desires to be a dictator or a manager, but a good leader, which is ongoing, flexible, adjustable and dynamic. Both of the coaches had disciplinary actions to their players through investing heavily in skills and drills, exhaustively analyzing game films, practices and strategies and practicing the set plays. Both of the coaches a good relationship with their basketball players because they were trusted and had more influence to them. Conclusively, for a person to be a good leader is a matter of choice, but not set rules or conditions. Situational Leadership II is both a structure for employee and business language development that surpasses linguistic, geographical and cultural boundaries. The model helps the leaders to diagnose the requirements of a team or individual in order to use the suitable leadership style in responding the person’s needs. The Situational Leadership II model uses game-changing methods that submerge learners in SLII deeply, quickly and effectively. Leadership is a process that involves motivation of employees or players. The leaders are supposed to influence the members in

Strategies to Develop Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare

Strategies to Develop Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare Motivation and Discipline That Brings Employee Satisfaction in Healthcare Crystal Mullen ASSIGNMENT: Read the following scenarios and answer the questions in paragraph format. The answer for each scenario should be 2 pages in length. Your final submission should be 4-5 pages in length. Scenario 1: With the continued focus on managed care, your employees are worried that focusing on cost cutting will reduce the quality of patient care. As a health services administrator, you are worried about the continued dissatisfaction. Develop three strategies that would motivate and increase employee satisfaction. Keeping staff motivated is a very important part of management in any industry. Furthermore, the high stress nature of managed care means implementing policies and procedures regarding work place motivation and support which then generates employee satisfaction are very important to retain qualified healthcare professionals (Cardenas, 2014). Keeping your healthcare staff engaged and motivated can be particularly if the healthcare facility is short-staffed or often includes temporary personnel or floating nurses. However, even in a work place environment that looks for any means to cut costs, there are still ways to motivate staff and can help improve performance and morale (Leviticus, 2014). If I were a health services administrator, one measure any I would implement is to simply take advantage of my staff’s strengths. This would help my staff feel more confident and accomplished, which could then increase my entire team’s efficiency. When team members are assigned to jobs that match their strengths, they are then able to complete their tasks in a shorter period of time. Because they are finishing their required tasks sooner, they will then providing staff with more time to complete additional assignments. For example, if I were to assign a confused or disoriented patients to a health care professional who thrives on these types of patients, I would be able to increase the patient willingness to cooperate with the health care professional and lessen the need for multiple staff members to be involved in inconsequential issues (Leviticus, 2014). Furthermore, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would make it a point to ask for their feedback about health care issues on a regular basis. I would like to encourage dialog about their daily challenges with things like work schedules, patient care, hospital environment, or any other stressful managed care issues they are facing. I would create a variety of options for them to express their thoughts and ideas in a positive, proactive way, while discouraging unproductive griping, whining and complaining. I would look for their feedback on their most frequent challenges in the manage care facility that they deal with by holding meetings implementing suggestion boxes and even with monthly or quarterly surveys. I would make sure to keep my requests for staff feedback that would generate positive solutions, not just negative feelings, gossip or opinions (Cardenas, 2014). Also, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would provide them with opportunities to demonstrate as well as experience leadership in their profession on a consistent basis. I would also schedule team members with leadership tendencies for tasks like leading department staff meetings, research information on current medical issues or even mentor someone using their own experiences. Finally, but not exhaustively, I would assign my health care team members to conduct small group sessions for peer-to-peer learning about such issues as nursing procedures, hospital policies, and patient care trends and responsibilities. Therefore, by creating leadership opportunities, my team can then generate their own problem-solving abilities. (Cardenas, 2014). Finally, though certainly not exhaustively, if I were a health services administrator looking for ways to motivate my staff, I would implement policies that would reward my team for the excellence they bring to the managed care facility. I believe rewarding achievements in my staff helps them staff stay motivated and actively involved. I would acknowledge their excellence in our weekly staff meetings, congratulate them via email or post of their achievement via social media. Also, I would recommend my team members for professional or hospital awards or perhaps even offer them a new title upgrade as a way of showing my team that how much I appreciate their hard work. Finally, though certainly not exhaustively I would considered allocating them a prime parking spot for the team member in the managed care facility who exceeds expectations each on a monthly basis or give gift cards when my team exceeds a particular goal(Leviticus, 2014). Therefore, I believe if I were to implement these measure, my team would be encouraged to continue to excel at their post in the managed care facility and be satisfied in their job because they’ll know their work matters and is appreciated. Scenario 2: Pretend that you are a new nurse manager, you have opted to select the positive discipline approach to managing employee behaviors. List the steps in the positive discipline approach and explain how you would apply it to the nurses that you supervise. The positive discipline approach is one that presents the role of a discipline as one that tries to regulate the negative behavior of employees to make them better workers. It is an approach to discipline that uses corrective action in order to generate more productivity, improved performance and a more effective workforce. Although harsh, negative punishment is effective for producing short term results, this approach will prove futile because negative discipline often generates employee frustration, higher absenteeism rates, low workplace productivity and high turnover. Positive discipline however, tries to correct the negative employee behavior by first counseling the employees of what is expected from them, then giving an oral warning, and followed by a written warning. Only after those steps are measures such as termination or discharge considered. Here are the step to positive discipline. Counseling is the first necessary step of the positive discipline process. This step would give me the opportunity to isolate the nurse’s behavior problems so that I can offer him or her possible solutions. When I’m counseling a nurse, my goal is to make employee him or her aware of the facility’s policies, procedures and rules. Often, the nurses want to be a productive member of the facility and simply need a better understand of the rules. Then during the counseling I can have a better understanding of the nurse’s point of view so that we can both agree on the best way to adhere to the facility’s rule. Therefore, I believe the counseling step can easily solve many of the problems that arise in a nurse’s behavior. The second step in positive discipline would be an oral warning. This step can also be given during counseling however, it tends to be a bit more confrontational. This is when I would become even more of a boss than a friend and remind my nurse of the behavior that requires correction. If however the nurse’s behavior has not been improved by counseling or oral warning, I would then implement the third step of positive discipline which is a written warning. This step requires documentation that correction was given but the behavior is unchanged. The written warning is where the nurse and I would write out a plan to correct the problem so that it would not arise going forward. If the nurse fails to receive positive discipline through counseling, oral warning, or written warning, I would then implement the fourth step in the positive discipline approach which is a final warning. When I implement a final warning, I would hold a conference that would emphasizes to the nurse just how important it is that he or she correct his or her inappropriate actions. This is not a step I would wish to implement because I would have to insist that he or she take a non-paid day off. I would suggest to my nurse that he or she use this day to decide if his or her actions are worth correcting in order to remain with the facility. While I would not enjoy implementing this step, I can see how it can be quite effective in demonstrating to my nurse the seriousness of the problem that is created by his or her inappropriate behavior and that it can no longer be tolerating at this facility. Finally, if the nurse will not submit to counseling, respond to an oral warning, or a written warning and seem unchanged by a final warning, then and only then would I implement the fifth and final step in positive discipline and that is to discharge the nurse from his or her duties. As difficult as it may be to discharge an employee it is necessary if I want to maintain the positive nature of the facility as a whole. What I really appreciate about positive discipline is that it promotes problem solving rather punishment. Positive discipline integrates positive confrontation with the nurse with the problem behavior and thus provides him or her with the opportunity to be justified. I would then inform him or her of the company policies and procedures. Therefore, I believe positive discipline provides the most opportunities for long term employee satisfaction because employees will understand the correction process without feeling coerced or belittled (Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com, 2014). References Cardenas, H. (2014). Strategies to Motivate Staff Nurses. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Chron.com: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/strategies-motivate-staff-nurses-15427.html Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com. (2014). Positive Discipline Approach. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Industrial Relations Naukrihub.com: http://industrialrelations.naukrihub.com/positive-discipline-approach.html Leviticus, J. (2014). Effective Strategies That Bolster Nursing Teams. Retrieved January 12, 2014, from Chron.com: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/tools-techniques-use-team-effective-24079.html

Capitalism vs. Communism :: Compare Conrast Comparison

Capitalism vs. Communism For many years the United States as looked upon communism as an evil and must not spread to other countries. The Cold War is a perfect example of this; we spent 40 years in terror due to this way of thinking. Now we understand that communism is not an evil just another way of organizing a country. Capitalism and Communism has its own ideas on how a government should run, whether it’s through advancement of people According to Minsky capitalism is not just the market economy, but it is also a financial economy (1). Minsky states that there are two sets of prices, first is the prices of current output, and second consist of the prices of assets (1). Capitalism is an economic system characterized by freedom of the market (essay.com 1). Capitalism is different from many other economic ideas by the fact that capitalism gives individuals freedoms with minimal government interference. In a market capitalist system, capital and land are private property (Haramis 1). From this enterprises can be formed by individuals by attaining land and equipment. An enterprise organizes and directs production. The United States is known as a post-industrials economy, this means that the United States is a service economy. There has been several different types’ capitalism that has influenced the world. First was Adam Smith’s idea about capitalism, which is proprietary capitalism. During this era of capitalism there were few corporations and probably none as we know them in our times (Haramis 1). The second form of capitalism is the progressive capitalist economy. In this form of capitalism, investment outputs are part of the current output (Minsky 2). Although capitalism has been through several changes throughout the years the capitalistic economy system has been the most influential economical as well as political system. Like capitalism communism also has many benefits for its people. First everyone has a job and is treated the same. Communism can be defined as an economic and political system in which facts of production are collectively owned and directed by the state (essay.com 1).

Nature of Accounting and the Accounting Standard

Nature of Accounting and the Accounting Standard Background Accounting is an important part for business and it is dubbed â€Å"language† of business activities conducted by firms. People think it is used to communicate business transactions per se to all stakeholders. However, some people argue that the functions of accounting are not that easy. Except the communication tool, accounting acts as many other difference roles in business. When doing accounting, different standard may be used. There are many issues about accounting standard nowadays.To getting a subjective view of accounting, it is necessary to understand how accounting is worked. This essay will analyze the application of accounting in the various situations to reach a conclusion. It will give some perspective for accounting also. Firm as an accounting object As we know, accounting was widely used in the firm. In accounting, firm means some business entity aiming at earning economic profit. In general, there are three types of firms: proprietorship, partnership and corporation. Firms are classified by the types of ownership, limitation of liability and so on.According to Scott Besley (2007), a proprietorship and partnership is an unincorporated business. Proprietorship firm owned by one individual while partnership owned by two or more people. A corporation is â€Å"a legal entity by a state†. The owners and managers may not be the same person. Corporation have unlimited life and enjoin limited liability. Owners have no responsibility for liabilities of the corporation. However, for proprietorship and partnership, owners must payback all liability of creditor. Although there are various classifications for firm, its object is quite same.The general object of a commerce firm is earning profit. However, firms cannot just focus on the financial income. There are many other aspects must consider. The firm which is just care about financial achievement will suffer form ethic dilemma. Dobs on (1997) defined the behavior that firm just consider about self-interest individualistic and opportunistic as â€Å"finance paradigm†. He criticized that it would cause another lost for people. To be an ethic firm, it should select object carefully to maximize the benefit for all relevant people.Rather than running business individually, people do commerce via firm. Firms exist because it can provide a more efficiency operation environment for people. However, even if firms can offer a better way for people doing business, we shouldn’t ignore the troubles arising from it. Accounting and transaction Transaction plays a special role in firm’s daily operation. In general meaning, transaction is exchange of goods or services between entities, as well as other events that have an economic impact on a business.It is a business’s economic record by accounting (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2011). It should be clarify that not all events generated in business proc ess can be record. Accounting must considers about what transaction should record and how it is record. There are two major assumptions about whether transaction should be record. The first one is monetary unit assumption. In accounting, we just record the transaction data which can be express in money term (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2011). Another assumption is economic entity assumption.Accountant must just account the transaction relevant to certain firm. The active of its owner or other economic entity should not be record in the firm’s account (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2011). In addition, such action must affect the component of accounting equation dually. That means it should affect assts, liability or equity. Measurement method in accounting As it mentioned before, the major object of account is identify, record and communicate the transaction. In real life, the environment for accounting is changing continuously.So, accountant should know how to record and measure transaction properly. To facing price changing, there are two major approaches to record and measure transaction: historical cost principle and fair value principle. When using historical cost principle, companies record assets as its cost (Weygandt, Kimmel, & Kieso, 2011). That means if the value of goods in such transaction is changing, it will keep the original record of such goods. However, we should update the record of assets value according to the market price in fair value principle.When managers decide which standard should be used, there are various factors need to be consider. Inflation is necessary for measurement method decision. Alhashim & Arpan (1992) claimed that when price is stable, the historical cost principle could provide an objective view for company’s performance. Managers may prefer this method to measure transaction. However, study also show that when it is high inflation, using historical cost principle will provide some useless information. If the price is changing frequently, the historical cost principle will not suitable.For example, in British, because it was suffer from high inflation rate in the history, the accounting standard in this country select fair-value principle. (Alhashim & Arpan, 1992) Cost measurement is an important part in accounting. Since the component of cost for business is complex, it will select material cost for example. There are two common principles for material cost evaluation. One is average value method, another is FIFO method. Company’s objective should be considered when choosing those approaches of cost measurement.When using average cost method, company’s income statement will show lower income so that company will enjoin lower tax. However, when firm choosing FIFO method, they will pay higher tax because of the high income present by income statement. When company wants to reduce tax cost, they may choose average cost method. Otherwise, they will choose FIFO method to attrac t investment by showing well performance. Except form pervious example discussed, there are many other factors could affect the measurement method.For example, David Solomons (1970) think that feasibility like objective, low cost of implementation and ease of understanding for users will affect the judgment for measurement method. In different condition, managers will choose different principle. So, it is difficult to say which principle is better. Conclusion By analyze relevant item of accounting, the perspective of accounting is more clearly now. Transaction is a vital component of accounting and there are various principles about it. However, accounting is related to other aspects also. Merely defined accounting as analyzing transaction per se is not false but not objectively.Communication is also a vital part of account. It is properly to descript accounting as a â€Å"language† of business. As mention before, there are many communicating methods and standards for account ing. Different regions may have different accounting â€Å"language† (Alhashim & Arpan, 1992). It is a challenge for current international company. To solve this problem, it is necessary to build and spread a unified standard for international accounting right now. Reference Alhashim, D. D. , & Arpan, J. S. (1992). International dimensions of accounting. Boston: PWS-KENT publishing company.Dobson, J. (1997). Finance ethics: the rationality of virtue. Cummor Hill, Oxford OX2 9JJ, England: Lanham [u. a. ] : Rowman & Littlefield. Scott Besley, E. F. (2007). Essentials of Managerial Finance. Natorp Boulevasr, Mason OH: South Westren College. Solomons, D. (1970). Assets valuation and income determination: appraising the alternative. In R. R. Sterling, Assets valuation and income determination (p. 105). 4431 Mt. Vernon, Houston, Texas: Scholar Book Co. Weygandt, J. J. , Kimmel, P. D. , & Kieso, D. E. (2011). Financial Accounting. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

The Big-Bang Model - 1268 Words

The Big Bang-Was It the Beginning? Edwin Hubbles discovery of 1929 changed the point of view that we are living in an unchanging universe. He discovered that the universe is rapidly expanding. He also observed that the galaxies outside the Milky Way are moving away from us. The speed at which they are moving away varies directly with their distance from the earth. Hubble realized that there must a time, which is now considered to be 14 billion years ago, when what universe is today was a single point in space. He argued that the universe came into being as a result of a violent event, and this concept came to be known as The Big Bang. (Netting) According to this theory, as described by George Musser, it is said that this universe came into existence as a big-bang singularity. Singularities do not exist in the real world. It is an idealistic concept. Singularities are considered to exist at the core of black holes. Matters can flow inside the singularities, but they cannot flow out of them. Our universe is considered to be an inverted black hole. Therefore, the universe is said to be a singularity out of which matter flows. Another difference between the black hole and big-bang singularity is that, an event horizon, inside which we cannot see, surrounds the black hole whereas, a cosmological horizon, outside which we cannot see, surrounds the universe. The critical difference between the cosmological and event horizon is that event horizon remains fixed, however,Show MoreRelatedThe Big Bang Model And The Steady State Model872 Words   |  4 Pagescosmological that try to find the answer were constructed by astronomers. The Big Bang model and the Steady State model are the two that were constructed. These two models claims to explain the beginning and the ending of the universe. 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